This pattern of depolarization results in a very coordinated contraction of the heart, allowing for smooth blood flow A dog presents dragging the hindlimbs. The impulse then travels to the atrioventricular node which then conducts the impulse down the Bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers. this may include an exercise plan, special diet, supplements for cartilage protection, anti-inflammatories, surgery, and/or other treatments Where is the sinoatrial node located? -The sinoatrial node provides automaticity to the heart and is located on the right atrium. therefore, the treatment is often multi-modal many things such as genetics, environment, nutrition, and breed conformation play a role in the disease mainly used as a glucose preservative Myoglobinuria (pigment in the urine) from muscle damage causes the urine to appear what color? -causes the urine to appear red or brown in color but is negative for red blood cells -this can occur from muscle damage, such as in instances of trauma, electrocution, or exertional myopathy ("tying-up" in horses) What is the cause of hip dysplasia? -it is a multifactorial disease too great of a risk the bladder could tear, or that other damaage could be caused by the needle What structure is NOT a part of the equine large intestine? -ileum (part of the small intestine) Sodium fluoride is the preferred anticoagulant for which of the following purposes? -measurement of blood glucose TLI is a sensitive and specific test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs When collecting a sample, when should the needle never be re-directed? -cystocentesis care must be taken when applying the device to ensure that the crushed end stays with the patient, otherwise major bleeding can occur Which of the following tests is best for evaluating a dog with possible exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? -Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) the crushed end stays with the patient to prevent hemmorrhage this device crushes the spermatic cord as well as cuts it (remember albumin goes with globulin) What is the causative agent of what is commonly known as "Ich" in fish? -The correct answer is Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a protozoan ectoparasite Which of the following is true about the appearance of an image relative to the orientation of the slide when viewing through a compound microscope? -the image is upside-down and reversed when viewed on a compound microscope What instrument is used to perform a castration in horses? -emasculator pH is low, or acidic What are globulins? -protein that plays a large role in the immune system insulin may be used in both resuscitation efforts and long-term therapy can increase the cat's blood pH but ultimately the diabetes must be treated What drug may be requested by the veterinarian to help correct this abnormality but would not be used as a long-term therapy? -Sodium bicarbonate During resuscitation efforts, an emergency blood panel is run which reveals a blood pH of 6.4. A 13-year old diabetic cat arrests during hospitalization during a blood glucose curve. In which part of the intestinal tract is nutrient absorption the greatest? -The jejunum is the longest portion of the small intestine and is the site of the most nutrient absorption. It is always preferable to use the highest milliamperage and lowest time setting for this reason. Minimizing the time of exposure decreases motion artifact that occurs from the patient moving. this in turn results in signs of colic in the horse Which of the following principles will always improve radiographic image quality? - Use the highest milliampere (mA) setting and lowest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs Hypermetria is an exaggerated gait in which the movements extend beyond what is intended What organism is verminous arteritis associated with in the horse? -Strongylus vulgaris is a large strongyle that causes arteritis and thrombosis of the vessels of the GI tract in the horse and eventually can result in segmental ishemia or infarcation of the bowel wall It helps to coordinate voluntary movement and is located just above the brainstem. The cerebellum has a major role in motor control. Ixodes is a genus of tick that may transmit the disease Which part of the brain coordinates motor activity? Disease of this part of the brain can cause a hypermetric gait. What is the agent that causes Lyme disease? -Borrelia burgdorferi is the name of the rickettsial organism that causes Lyme disease The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta Ticks can serve as vectors to transmit several diseases in animals including Lyme disease. The placenta supplies the fetus with oxygen via which structure? -The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus.
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